Pix and Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Brazil and India’s respective instant payment systems, provide two key lessons for governments interested in implementing new fast or immediate payment systems. First, the significant effect that government-led instant payment systems can have on citizens and the financial market transforms financial inclusion and market structures. Second, decisions made during the early stages of the process, such as system pricing and ownership structure, shape the power dynamics between local and international players, as well as incumbent and new entrants. These lessons are shaping an emerging framework governments can use to evaluate their need for central bank-led immediate payment systems, their potential structure, organizational features, and trade-offs involved in implementing a similar approach. The framework is composed of a three-step approach, including prerequisite weighting (i.e., “do we need this system”), the preparations needed to hit the ground running, and the process of setting up new immediate payment systems.