The European Union has called on member states to transition to quantum-safe encryption by 2030, citing urgent cybersecurity risks posed by future quantum computers. The push comes amid growing concern about the long-term viability of conventional encryption techniques. The EU plan promotes Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) for most sectors and explores Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) for high-security applications, outlining a phased roadmap that begins in 2026 with risk assessments and awareness campaigns. These newer algorithms are more complex and require different computational strategies than those used in today’s standards like RSA and ECC. The EU plan emphasizes the need for what it calls “cryptographic agility”—the ability to switch encryption algorithms as threats evolve and standards mature. the NIS group has laid out a multi-phase roadmap that begins with risk analysis and education campaigns, moves toward certification programs and pilot projects, and ultimately aims to establish interchangeable encryption systems. These systems would allow institutions to adapt more easily as new cryptographic techniques are developed and vetted. Germany’s VDE, a major electrical engineering and IT association, is advocating for Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). Unlike PQC, which uses mathematical algorithms, QKD takes advantage of the laws of quantum physics to allow two parties to share secret keys securely. The approach has attracted interest in sectors with high security demands, such as finance and government.